Which complaints is dry needling used for?

Stubborn trigger points in the neck and over the shoulder are the most common application. Treating this region is effective at reducing attack frequency in tension-type headache.

The deep hip muscles are hard to reach by hand. The needle offers a clear advantage in the piriformis and surrounding points.

The quadratus lumborum, interscapular muscles and calf are also frequently treated. What they share is lying deep or beneath a thick layer of tissue.

It is applied at the start of the session, followed by movement and exercise. Using the released muscle through its new range consolidates the gain.

The effect usually becomes apparent within 24–48 hours. Mild tenderness after the first session is normal, followed by relief.

Dry needling alone does not give a lasting result. When the load on the muscle is unchanged, the trigger point re-forms within weeks, which makes endurance work essential.

Bleeding disorders, anticoagulant use and needle phobia are the main limiting factors. In patients on anticoagulants the decision is made with their doctor.

Needling is not performed where there is active infection, an open wound, skin disease or lymphoedema at the site.

In pregnancy it is not applied in certain regions and technique selection changes. Immunosuppression and uncontrolled diabetes also require care.