Diagnosis and symptoms6 min read
What is the core? Are abdominal muscles and stabilisation the same?
In popular usage 'core' is equated with the abdominal muscles. Its clinical meaning differs: the capacity of the deep muscle group surrounding the trunk to hold the spine steady during movement.
Which muscles are involved
Four structures surround the trunk like a cylinder: the deep abdominal muscle, the deep muscles beside the spine, the diaphragm and the pelvic floor.
Working together, they regulate intra-abdominal pressure and support the spine from within. Any one dropping out weakens the whole system.
The diaphragm being part of this system explains the direct relationship between breathing pattern and back health. Shallow breathing lowers stabilisation capacity.
How it differs from abdominal training
Sit-ups and abdominal exercises work the large surface muscles. Those produce movement; stabilisation is about preventing movement.
In stabilisation the goal is the trunk staying still while an arm or leg moves. It is trained at low load for long durations.
Strong surface muscles do not mean good deep stabilisation. There is no direct relationship between visible abdominal muscle and spinal control.
How it is assessed
While supine, the gap between the lower back and the floor is watched as one leg extends. If the gap increases, stabilisation is inadequate.
Endurance tests are used: hold times in side-bridge and prone extension positions are measured, recorded and tracked.
Assessment measures duration and control rather than strength. A brief strong contraction does not indicate the endurance needed through the day.
Key points
- Stabilisation is about preventing movement, not producing it.
- The system has four parts: deep abdominal, deep back, diaphragm, pelvic floor.
- The diaphragm is part of it; breathing pattern affects the back.
- Strong abdominal muscles do not mean good stabilisation.
- Assessment measures duration and control, not strength.
Frequently asked questions
Should I constantly hold my stomach in?
No. Constant contraction disrupts breathing and is tiring. The goal is control that engages when loaded and relaxes afterwards.
Is the plank enough?
It is a good start but not sufficient alone. The programme should also include side bridges, bird-dogs and control during movement.
Should people without back pain do this?
It has preventive value, particularly for those who lift heavily or sit for long periods. In healthy people it suffices as part of a general strength programme.
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This content is for information only and does not replace medical diagnosis or treatment. Response to treatment varies between individuals. Please consult a healthcare professional about your symptoms.